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AMD之前Q它和Intel掰手腕差点赢了_电脑报在U?/title>
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AMD之前Q它和Intel掰手腕差点赢?
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<li class="zhengwen"><a href="/Parts/CPU/3400/340095.htm">正文</a></li>
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<li>2024/8/20 9:20:03</li>
<li>cdQ原?/li>
<li>来源Q?span>电脑?/span></li>
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【电脑报在线】在AMD之前Q在那个90q代Q有一个竞争者和q掰手腕Q还差点赢了。它Q就是Cyrix?
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最q随着q在Raptor Lake架构上的R和AMD的Zen5的推出，可以说是q年来英特尔市场竞争形势非常严峻的一q。而在AMD之前Q在那个90q代Q也有一个竞争者和q掰手腕Q还差点赢了。它Q就是Cyrix?br /><br /><br /><img src='http://img.icpcw.com/Article/2024/08/297f7d65100009c486190918cd5afec5.jpg' class='contPic'/><br /><p><br /></p><p>90q代Q对手都走弯路，q爽?/p>1990 q代初对于PC行业来说是一个奇怪的时期Q也是英特尔暗暗爽爆的时期。虽然英特尔q没有获得绝对的技术和市场优势Q行业里也有很多h雄厚技术实力和U篏的CPU公司Q但它们g都误入歧途，C了弯路?br />例如Q苹果从摩托|拉?8000pdCPU转而?IBM 的基于RISC的PowerPC 架构Q然而正是这个D措差Ҏ送苹果，直到乔布斯重q苹果ƈ推出iMac后才转危为安?nbsp; <br /><img src='http://img.icpcw.com/Article/2024/08/5aeab12a7aa24bc77899b0a250b82a7f.jpg' class='contPic'/><br />而苹果的老供应商摩托|拉大吃68000芯片的老本Q正慢慢曾l和Ҏ、IBM PC齐名的Commodore 的Amiga PC 拖入坟墓。同时摩托罗拉还沉迷代工QؓҎ和IBM代工PowerPCpd芯片Q而没有全力发展自q下一代CPU?br />管Ҏ、IBM、摩托罗拉三巨头打造的PowerPC的纯点和整数算力惊人，抢先推出了第一个纯64位处理器Q甚臌到可以组装超U计机的程度（W一ơ在国际象棋上击败卡斯帕|夫的深蓝计机是PowerPC CPUl成的计节点聚合而成Q，但是׃多媒体娱乐的兴vQPowerPC没有发展出类D特尔MMX的多媒体指o集，使得它在大众应用场景的体验大打折扣，落后于英特尔?nbsp; <br /><img src='http://img.icpcw.com/Article/2024/08/ff86b1cd9ece89bac621506bc670ce77.jpg' class='contPic'/><br />搭蝲W一个纯64位桌面处理器的苹果PowerMac G5没有取得巨大成功<br />Arm只是p果和其他几家公司点燃的一个小火焰Q除了少数移动设备开始尝试用ARM架构外，在PC领域q没有h吃螃蟏V?br />而在借鉴了几代英特尔 CPU 之后QAMD l于提出了自q架构Q到 90 q代末，它在h和性能斚w都受C好评Q但点能力的欠~Z及架构带来的法律风险一直让它处于守ѝ?br />而此ӞCyrix如一颗流星般出现了?br /><p><br /></p><p>诞生与初露锋?nbsp;</p>Cyrix成立?988q_由Gerald Dean RogersQ一般被UCؓJerry RogersQ和Tom Brightman共同创立。两人都80q代国半导体“黄埔军校”d州A器?br />起初QCyrix专注于ؓ286?86 CPU生高速x87数学协处理器Q这些协处理器在性能上超了Intel的同cM品，同时h更ؓ低廉。这一创新让Cyrixq速在行业中崭露头角，q激发了公司向CPU市场q军的雄心?br /><img src='http://img.icpcw.com/Article/2024/08/2abbb480ce4ef97a2cc31c0c1681d2e8.jpg' class='contPic'/><br />Cyrix的FasMath当时是最快的386用数学协处理器，比英特尔自家?0387q要快上50%<br />1992q_Cyrix发布了它的首批CPU产品—?86SLC?86DLCQ旨在与Intel?86SX?86DX竞争。它们引入了芯片上的一U缓存和486指o集设计等486的特性，同时兼容老的386处理器针脚规范，能够作ؓ老旧386L的直接升U，为预有限的消费者提供了高性h比的选择。尽性能略逊于Intel?86 CPUQ但它们在成本效益上h明显优势。由于采用了先进的制造工艺，支持多Q务处理和更高的时钟频率，也成多OEM厂商的首选。随后Cyrix依靠自己的时钟频率翻倍技术，推出了自q先进486DR/DXpdCPU?nbsp; <br /><img src='http://img.icpcw.com/Article/2024/08/a873014e77d34e5e86bff1e5cce76272.jpg' class='contPic'/><br />当英特尔的奔腑֤理器横空ZQAMD的AM5X86处理器仅仅只能达C个四倍频486的性能时候，Cyrix?995q抢先推Z5X86Q它的性能?5MHz的Pentium相当Q但同样可以用于486L用户升?br />接着Q就是Cyrix的高光时刅R?995q晚些时候，Cyrix发布?X86的“完全体?x86?996q_ 6x86QM1Q处理器正式上市Qؓ老旧的Socket 5和Socket 7L提供一U性能合理的升U\径?br />6x86在CPU设计上堪U奇q，它结合了RISC核心和CISC设计的特点，首次在处理器设计中引入了PR标量架构，q种设计允许处理器在同一旉周期内执行多条指令，允许乱序执行指oQ显著提高了性能。例如其133MHz的处理器UCؓ“P166+?意思是h与奔?66cM的性能。这一技术在当时的市Z是相对先q的Q得Cyrix的处理器在多d处理和计密集型应用中表现出艌Ӏ提供了与Pentium相当的性能Q但在成本上更具优势?nbsp; <br /><img src='http://img.icpcw.com/Article/2024/08/2ef000e92759e153661f40d3ebd646b6.jpg' class='contPic'/><br />6x86在整数性能上显著优于PentiumQ因此在普通的日常使用和游戏场景下Q其性能甚至高于同频的奔腑֤理器Q而h格又大大低于q奔腾，因此在市Z获得了前所未有的成功?br />Cyrix与英特尔的在6x866与低端奔N的竞争，开创了低端CPU市场Q降低了个h电脑的售P使英特尔最l发布了赛扬处理器来应对?br />但功?x86当涉及到点性能Ӟ它却暴露Z不Q因此在当时的高端生产力场景如CAD?D建模{方面还是不如奔腑֤理器?nbsp; <br />而对于游戏市场来_6x86挨的当头一是id Software发布Quake游戏Q?x86处理器的PC玩家发现他们的游戏率远q低于用Pentium处理器的玩家Q这是由?D游戏需要更强的点性能Q这直接影响了Cyrix在欧消费者心目中的地位?br />不过在东南亚和中国市场，׃巨大的性h比优势，Cyrix处理器依然是大红大Q成机热门品?br /><p><br /></p><p>l箋创新Q但差距拉大</p>1996q_Cyrix发布了MIIpd处理器，q一步mZ其在市场上的C。MIIpd?x86架构基础上，加入了对MMX多媒体指令集的支持，采用了更先进的制造工艺，支持更高的时钟频率和更大的缓存。这一pd处理器在性能和功耗方面表C异，成ؓ许多中低端计机的首选?nbsp; <br /><img src='http://img.icpcw.com/Article/2024/08/7fac4d2ddb7d2738780436388b916f8d.jpg' class='contPic'/><br />但Cyrix的超标量体系的性能标示ҎQ一直被竞争Ҏ所诟病Q因特尔和AMD此时已经开始了对于旉频率的竞争，而Cyrix׃采用标量体pM及代工厂制程先进性问题，很长旉难以H破实际频率450MHz的门槛，造成了巨大的被动。QҎ能的确实让它在高端生力和游戏市场q一步落后英特尔和AMDQ尤其是在多核处理器?4位架构的潮中，Cyrix未能及时跟上Q导致市Z额逐渐失。在短短两年内迅速从市场领导者变赶者、困难者?br /><img src='http://img.icpcw.com/Article/2024/08/cee293b8eef64f9b1d7df04eff889958.jpg' class='contPic'/><br /><br /><br />1999q《电脑报》上仍然对Cyrix MII 366q行评测Q可见此时Cyrix在国内DIY市场的媄响力<br /><br /><br />而Cyrix也最后一ơ对CPU产业q行了一ơ创新A献?br />1996qCyrix发布了MediaGX处理器，它将包括声音、图形单元在内的所有个人电脑中的主要多媒体独立部g整合于CPU芯片中，q实C更低的功耗。也是如今的集显架构，来自于Cyrix?nbsp; <br /><img src='http://img.icpcw.com/Article/2024/08/61eaa98c71ce73d67f3b65276ac8afb5.jpg' class='contPic'/><br />MediaGX使CyrixW一ơ在中低端家用OEM市场获得全胜QCompaq它q用于低成本的Presario 2100?200pd电脑中，q也使得Cyrix获得?x86售与Packard Bell和eMachines的权力?br />但这q没有挽救Cyrix在整个DIY市场的颓ѝ?br />1996q_公司CEO兼创始hJerry Rogers辞职q入创投领域?997q_面破的Cyrix与National SemiconductorQ国家半gQ合qӞ但这ơ合q未能挽救Cyrix的命q。国家半g寚w性能PC CPUq不感兴，而是让Cyrix转向了低功耗SoC的开发。因此后期MediaGXq行频率高达?33MHzQƈ且加入了MMX的支持?br /><p><br /></p><p>消失与遗?nbsp; </p>2000q_国家半导体再ơ将Cyrix卖给了VIA威盛电子。虽然VIAl箋推出Cyrix品牌的处理器Q但׃~Z创新和市场推q，Cyrix的媄响力逐渐减弱。最l，Cyrix品牌?005q被d淘汰Q标志着一个时代的l束?br /><img src='http://img.icpcw.com/Article/2024/08/5a3b0be993f4cbc0102417c4810668a5.jpg' class='contPic'/><br />威胜接手后推出的CyrixIII处理?br />不过Cyrixq是留下了众多遗产?br />例如Q它对AMD后来的低功耗品生了重大影响。这是因为国家半g卖掉Cyrix后保留MediaGX设计Qƈ其改名为GeodeQ终?003q时卖给AMD?006q?月AMD展示世界上最低功耗的x86处理器，功耗仅?.9瓦。这个处理器是ZCyrix的Geode核心?nbsp; <br /><img src='http://img.icpcw.com/Article/2024/08/6d118e6111e768c4bcf604967f8a0a28.jpg' class='contPic'/><br />如今国CPU仍然能有x86兼容产品Q也是Cyrix的遗泽了<br />另外Q由于Cyrix与国家半g合ƈ后，与Intel、AMD达成了交叉授权协议，使得后箋拥有Cyrix相关IP的厂Ӟ因此拥有了无风险使用x86架构的权利。至今威盛和兆芯因此可以在避免被q、AMDq责的情况下设计q售x86架构的CPUQ成架构仅存的第三方厂商之一?nbsp; <br />~辑Q项汉秋
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